Total Elbow Arthroplasty (Elbow Replacement)

Who is a candidate?
Total elbow arthroplasty, or elbow replacement, is recommended for patients with severe damage to the elbow joint. This may be due to advanced arthritis, complex fractures that cannot be repaired, or long-standing joint damage from conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Candidates usually have significant pain, stiffness, or loss of function that limits daily activities and has not improved with non-surgical treatments.

What does the surgery involve?
In this procedure, the damaged portions of the elbow joint are removed and replaced with artificial components made of metal and plastic. The replacement consists of two parts—one attached to the humerus (upper arm bone) and one to the ulna (forearm bone)—connected by a hinge mechanism that allows smooth bending and straightening of the arm. The goal is to relieve pain and restore a functional range of motion.

How is it different from other joint replacements?
Elbow replacement is less common than hip or knee replacement and has unique considerations. Unlike hips and knees, the elbow is not designed to handle high loads. Because of this, patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting or high-impact activities after surgery to protect the implant. TEA focuses on pain relief and restoring basic function, rather than enabling high-demand activities.

What are the potential downsides or risks?
While TEA can provide excellent pain relief, there are long-term limitations. The implant can wear out or loosen over time, particularly if the elbow is subjected to heavy lifting. Risks include infection, instability, triceps weakness, or fracture around the implant. Most surgeons recommend a permanent weight-lifting restriction (often no more than 5–10 pounds repeatedly, 15 pounds maximum occasionally) to preserve the longevity of the replacement.

What is recovery like?
After surgery, the arm is typically supported in a splint or brace for a short period. Physical therapy begins early to restore gentle motion while protecting the new joint. Recovery focuses on regaining function for daily activities like eating, grooming, and light household tasks. Most patients can return to these activities within a few weeks, but full healing takes several months. Long term, the goal is dependable pain relief, functional range of motion, and the ability to perform everyday tasks—while respecting the lifelong lifting restrictions.